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Assessment of the suitability of PET flakes produced by PETKA CZ, Inc. company for the manufacture of granulates for food purposes
Šudomová, Lucie ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate and its subsequent processing into the form of a regranulate meeting the parameters required for food use. A brief description of recycling technology, PET flake quality rating and input material contamination is provided. Additionally, legislation regarding recycling for food purposes is discussed and regranulation technologies are described. The suitability of these technologies for processing specific flake samples has been confirmed. In the experimental part, differences in the regranulate samples are compared using DSC and FT-IR. It has been found that there are no major differences between food quality samples. Tests were carried out on 200 PET bottles (bottle, label), on which the input material was divided into 16 groups. Groups that are unsuitable for recycling with this technology was defined. In addition, contaminants of the final product were examined. Their approximate composition was determined and the relationship between the labels of the bottles at the inlet and the impurities at the outlet was found. Appropriate solutions have been proposed to reduce this contamination
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Identification of the lables used on the PET bottles for recycling
Zoufalá, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Among the most significant sources of contamination in PET recycling belong their labels. The labels of PET bottles are composed of various materials, but the manufacturers are not obligated to declare the labels materials. From the point of view of PET recycling, PVC and PETG labels represent the biggest problem, because they cannot easily be separated from PET, and even a small amount can compromise the end-product of recycling. Therefore, this thesis deals with the identification of labels from PET bottles designated for recycling. For their identification was used FTIR-ATR spectrometer. The analysis revealed that PVC and PETG are frequently used as label materials. In many cases the analysis failed and only used additives could be identified.
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Local Brands Communication during the Third Republic - Case Study of Three Selected Destilleries
Rieger, Matyáš ; Halada, Jan (advisor) ; Koudelková, Petra (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to explore the so far only marginally described era of marketing and to provide an answer to the question if the fear of the new class division was manifested in communication towards the customer. I start from the premise that the era and the owners' perspective are always reflected in the communication of firms and the different aspects of marketing. The research will also include an examination of the purely practical process of designing marketing materials and selecting communication channels that differ significantly from those we know today.
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Identification of the lables used on the PET bottles for recycling
Zoufalá, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Among the most significant sources of contamination in PET recycling belong their labels. The labels of PET bottles are composed of various materials, but the manufacturers are not obligated to declare the labels materials. From the point of view of PET recycling, PVC and PETG labels represent the biggest problem, because they cannot easily be separated from PET, and even a small amount can compromise the end-product of recycling. Therefore, this thesis deals with the identification of labels from PET bottles designated for recycling. For their identification was used FTIR-ATR spectrometer. The analysis revealed that PVC and PETG are frequently used as label materials. In many cases the analysis failed and only used additives could be identified.
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Toxicovigilance of accidents with household chemical products in the Czech Republic.
Mrázová, Karolina ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee) ; Brhel, Petr (referee)
1 Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the numbers, severity and causes of accidents, occurring in the households due to the cleaning products. Among the groups of potentially dangerous cleaning products, the highest proportion of accidents was caused by cleaning products containing sodium hypochloride (37 %), descalers containing acids (29 %) and dishwasher tablets (25 %). A lower percentage of inquiries appeared due to hydroxides containing drain cleaning products (7 %). In the year 2009, there were 251 inquiries to the Toxicological Information Centre due to cleaning products in defined categories studied. Among them, there were 133 children and 118 adult patients, who ingested cleaning product accidentally (86%) or for suicidal purposes (3%); inhaled (9%) or had an eye contact with the product (2%). There were 23% children and 27% adults hospitalized; the children most frequently due to accidental ingestion of hydroxides (92%), the adults due to the inhalation of irritant vapors (64%). Among them 14% children (86% due to the ingestion of cleaning products containing hydroxides) have been examined using the endoscopy (in the total anesthesia), in addition to 5% adults. The study has shown that the most common cause of the accidents in children is the distraction of the adults; nevertheless, the...
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Toxicovigilance of accidents with household chemical products in the Czech Republic.
Mrázová, Karolina ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee) ; Brhel, Petr (referee)
1 Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the numbers, severity and causes of accidents, occurring in the households due to the cleaning products. Among the groups of potentially dangerous cleaning products, the highest proportion of accidents was caused by cleaning products containing sodium hypochloride (37 %), descalers containing acids (29 %) and dishwasher tablets (25 %). A lower percentage of inquiries appeared due to hydroxides containing drain cleaning products (7 %). In the year 2009, there were 251 inquiries to the Toxicological Information Centre due to cleaning products in defined categories studied. Among them, there were 133 children and 118 adult patients, who ingested cleaning product accidentally (86%) or for suicidal purposes (3%); inhaled (9%) or had an eye contact with the product (2%). There were 23% children and 27% adults hospitalized; the children most frequently due to accidental ingestion of hydroxides (92%), the adults due to the inhalation of irritant vapors (64%). Among them 14% children (86% due to the ingestion of cleaning products containing hydroxides) have been examined using the endoscopy (in the total anesthesia), in addition to 5% adults. The study has shown that the most common cause of the accidents in children is the distraction of the adults; nevertheless, the...
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Application of new legislation on the labeling of food products into the Czech Republic
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Helena
Labels used on refreshments provide consumers simple, comprehensible and consistent information about packaged foods and enables them to make wiser choices. Food packages contain a link between agricultural commodities and consumable forms of food known to consumers. Labels act as a silent selling point through distinctive brands since it help the customers choose between products and keep a check on the amount of foods they are eating that are high in fat, salt and added sugars for example. Secondly, it facilitates the identification in the barcode system. The aim of this work is to compare refreshments from different sectors of the food industry from the view point of current legislation in European Union and Czech Republic. The comparison was carried out by selecting refreshments sold in Czech Republic compared to Belgium. On the basis of information gathered from the labels and questionnaire we can assess the importance of labeling when packaging products for consumer. Some local differences were recorded, eg in the case of minced meat sold in Belgium there were 4 certification logos; in the Czech Republic, on the other hand, the meat content of ham or packaged salami was stated. The questionnaire survey showed that consumers mostly follow the information on the labels, differently when buying food and monitoring the information on the labels by women and men, the age and education of respondents, and the nationality in this case almost does not matter. The results show that food packaging and labeling information needs to be given much higher attention from both parties consumers and manufacturers.
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Assessment of the suitability of PET flakes produced by PETKA CZ, Inc. company for the manufacture of granulates for food purposes
Šudomová, Lucie ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate and its subsequent processing into the form of a regranulate meeting the parameters required for food use. A brief description of recycling technology, PET flake quality rating and input material contamination is provided. Additionally, legislation regarding recycling for food purposes is discussed and regranulation technologies are described. The suitability of these technologies for processing specific flake samples has been confirmed. In the experimental part, differences in the regranulate samples are compared using DSC and FT-IR. It has been found that there are no major differences between food quality samples. Tests were carried out on 200 PET bottles (bottle, label), on which the input material was divided into 16 groups. Groups that are unsuitable for recycling with this technology was defined. In addition, contaminants of the final product were examined. Their approximate composition was determined and the relationship between the labels of the bottles at the inlet and the impurities at the outlet was found. Appropriate solutions have been proposed to reduce this contamination
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